Glossary
1) Custom Reprint – traditional paper reprints and often used in direct mail and other “snail mail” communications but with the added benefit of having a graphic artist improve the layout and formatting the article to fit the mailing.
2) Permission Service – the term comes from the fact that readers ask for “permission” to repurpose and article, quotations from an article, the logo or publisher’s brands. The service may involve advertising, the movie industry and other publishers such as text book publishers.
3) Transactional License – the term “transactional” refers to the ad-hoc nature of the request and contrasts annual and other long-term agreement types. These are typically one article for one distribution.
4) Content Repurposing – simply means that someone other than the copyright holder or creator wishes to use the work (typically an article) in another work (newspaper, magazine, book, newsletter, movie, etc.)
5) Email – the media is the message or so they say. One of the fastest growing means of reaching an audience without the expense of a 41 cent stamp.
6) E-prints – the digital equivalent of traditional reprints whereby a corporation repurposes an article on an intranet or extranet. Typically though, the type of content tends to be important news about the corporation rather than a communication to prospects and clients. E-prints come in two flavors: html and pdf.
7) WebReprint Service – the term is used at Dow Jones & Company to describe an e-print. Dow Jones pioneered e-print services with the advent of the Dow Jones WebReprint Service and the first online store for repurposing content at www.djreprints.com back in 1998.
8) Annual Authorization Service – a licensing program sponsored by the Copyright Clearance Center that grants corporate licenses for limited photocopy rights to a broad array or “repertory” of copyrighted content.
9) Repertory License – the term “repertory” refers to a broad array of works represented in licensing services offer by the Copyright Clearance Center.
10) Self-Printing -
11) Invoice – Often includes a fee based on circulation (numbers of reprints), tax, shipping and handling.
12) Payment – generally consists of credit card or invoice.
13) Fulfillment Agent – can be defined in a number of ways depending upon where the client is in an order process. For example, the fulfillment agent at Dow Jones Reprint Solutions works with the client and liaisons with the sales team, the graphic artists and the print shop and shipping departments. At a typical reprint agency, the fulfillment agent performs a vital task in the order process including a great deal of hand holding in the order process. When considering the broader market for reprint services, a fulfillment agent might be considered to the Rightslink or iCopyright.
14) Publisher – generally speaking the holder of copyright to the content and brands in question.
15) DRM – Digital Rights Management was born of the music industry as a means of protecting music rightsholders against broad-based piracy. The technology continues to evolve and attempts to balance distribution, monetization and user experience while dealing with a broad array of copyrighted works.
16) Copyright Agent
17) Third Party Reprint Agency – Generally refers to an independent reprint and permission service agency rather than an in-house publisher service. PARS, Wrights, RMS and many others represent the rights of hundreds of publishers and perform an important role for publishers delivering services and revenues to publishers.
18) Reprint Reseller
19) PDF reprint – refers to the technology and format associated with an article reprint. The pdf formatted reprint may be print protected or not and is visually most like a traditional ink-on-paper reprint.
20) HTML reprint – html reprints are suitable for all browser types with few exceptions. However, html reprints are often visually very different from the source publication such as the print edition of The Wall Street Journal.
21) Ink-on-Paper reprint – traditional reprint format in which an article is formatted to fit onto an 8 ½ x 11 or 11 x 17 inch sheet of paper.
22) Framed reprint – usually refers to a single copy of an article reprint that is matted and framed and suitable for hanging in an executive’s office. Framed reprints are often sold in a bundled offering in which the client orders a large quantity for distribution and a vanity piece to show in the office.
23) Laser Prints – typically black and white copies made on a copy machine such as a Xerox Docutech or similar duplicating machine. Paper quantities usually reflect a low cost solution but may include glossy papers.
24) Syndication – Usually means newspaper licensing of reprinted content on an annual basis. However, there are creative alternatives to typical syndication that bundle advertising, multiple publishers and run of the paper inserts.
25) Single-shot content sales – when publishers don’t want to commit to a syndication license but have the occasional need to fill a content gap, they may order a “single-shot” license to reprint an article from a third party in their own newspaper or magazine. Sometimes articles have a time embargo and other restrictions associated with the license.
26) Archive – a collection of content held in a database which may range from a handful of content to millions of documents. Content aggregators typically have archives of content consisting of hundreds of content sources representing millions of individual works of articles. As media continues to define itself, archives are beginning to include audio and video as well ad music and images.
27) Federated Search – refers to an ability to search across multiple archives, data collections or multiple content aggregator services.
28) Article Locator – Dow Jones Reprint Solutions uses the term to differentiate between a search performed by a researcher looking for content and a reprint buyer looking to repurpose a specific article.
29) Title – generally refers to the name of the publication. For example, The Wall Street Journal is a title owned and published by Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
30) Headline – The thing to recognize about headlines is that they are created by a headline writer and often not by the author. Also, headlines will change from regional edition and from editions published at various times throughout the day. Therefore, searching for article content by headline or key words from the headline alone may produce less than satisfactory results.
31) By-Line – Often a single author of the article, but may include multiple authors, contributors and is sometimes left blank. Opinion page articles are often silent regarding the author, while op-ed articles will show both the author and a bio.
32) Commercial Use – One of the most significant factors for consideration regarding fair use. The concept may be more intuitive than scientific leaving it difficult to define. But, to borrow an expression – “…I can’t define it, but I know it when I see it.”
33) Non-Profit – organizations that have a special charter with the government for structure and taxation purposes. Non-profit and/or not-for-profit organizations must have a xxxxxxxxxxx associated with its status and must provide the number to receive tax benefits while ordering.
34) Customization – As traditional reprint services compete with digital publishing strategies, they increasingly find that certain customization can make a reprint more suitable or “merchantable” for reprint distribution.
35) Royalty – Usually, the rightsholder will receive a royalty payment [often a percentage of the gross sale] for granting a third parry certain rights to its content or work. The royalty represents “consideration” in the licensing agreement.
36) Minimum quantity – often a necessary requirement in services with up front set up fees. The minimum helps the vendor cover some if not all costs associated with an order. In the print word, set up fees can be considerable especially for color work. Therefore, you may see various minimums depending upon the complexity of the color scheme, paper sizes and other variables associated with printing processes.
37) Photocopy – A digital process for document duplication and may result in a paper product or pdf equivalent. The use of photocopies may or may not be covered by fair use depending upon the nature of the distribution and its intended use. Use of photocopies may be covered by executing a Repertory Licensing Agreement with the Copyright Clearance Center or other such licensing agent.
38) Infringement – Copyright infringement is serious business. The SIIA Content Anti-Piracy division actively pursues infringement cases on behalf of its members.
39) Rightsholder – one who holds copyright to a work. Rightsholders have a significant bundle of rights for controlling and exploiting a work except in the case of fair use.
40) Durable links – The inverse of a durable link is a path to a server and specific file on that server that may expire in a relatively short time. Durable links are those associated with a URL that will not expire or change throughout a contract period, allowing webmasters to confidently display a link to third party content.
41) Firewall – manage the access and filtering of users or processes allowed to access servers, hardware and software. Firewalls come in many forms including subscription firewalls, email white lists and black lists and forms of protection for internet users and their PCs.
42) Highlighting – Directs a reader’s attention to sections of content. Highlighting is OK when established by an author or publisher. But, corporate reprints and syndication agreements generally frown upon highlighting believing that its practice may alter the original intent of the author / publisher. Highlighting of reprints usually requires addition consideration and review by the rightsholder.
43) Disclaimers – Are set aside from the original text that must be obvious to the reprint reader that the section or text has been included by the reprint client and not the publisher and was not part of the original work. Disclaimers are often set in a different font that that of the reprinted work.
44) Full Color – Includes at least 3 colors and sometimes black – magenta, yellow and cyan. These primary print colors mix as the eye combines dots on a page. Magnifying a printed page with a “loop” will show the layering of distinctive dots of each of the primary colors. The science of sizing, shaping and placing those dots is integral to modern printing techniques.
45) Spot Color – One might print a piece in full color but add a fifth color to exactly match a logo. Spot colors are defined in certain ways to the printer so that no surprises are in order after the print run. The old standard has been PMS or Pantone Matching System of pre-defined color swatches that define the mix and proportion of inks.
 
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